A, geography,

Brazil is in the southeast of South America. It borders French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia to the north, Peru and Bolivia to the west, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. It covers an area of 8.547 million square kilometers and has a coastline of about 7,400 kilometers. The territorial sea shall be 12 nautical miles in width and 188 nautical miles in overseas exclusive economic zone.

Brazil has four time zones. The eastern part of the country, Brasilia, Sao Paulo and Rio DE Janeiro, is called the Brasilia time Zone. It is three hours behind GMT and 11 hours behind Beijing time. The states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso sul are one hour behind Brasilia, the states of Aggrad and Amazonas are two hours behind Brasilia, and the eastern islands are one hour ahead of Brasilia. Between the second Sunday in October and the second Saturday in February, Brasilia, Rio DE Janeiro, Sao Paulo and eight other states in the south-central region adopt daylight saving time (clocks are set one hour ahead), which is 10 hours behind Beijing time.



Administrative divisions

Brazil is divided into 26 states and one federal district. State name as follows: acre, alagoas, amazon, amapa, bahia, cear, espirito santo, goias, maranhao, mato grosso, mato, minas gilardino, para, paraiba, parana, pernambuco, Mr Yi, in Mr Hollande, north south Mr Hollande, Rio DE janeiro, rondonia, luo lai, Santa catarina, Sao Paulo, searle culture, tocantins, Brasilia federal district. There are 5,564 cities in China (March 2011).

The capital, Brasilia, is located in the Midwest and is the political center of Brazil. It was established as a federal district in 1960 to develop Brazil's vast interior. The city consists of a central city and more than a dozen satellite cities, administratively divided into districts equivalent to states. The Federal District has 2.56 million permanent residents. Sao Paulo is Brazil's largest city, is the national center of industry and commerce, finance, transportation, South America's largest seaport santos port 100 kilometers southeast. At present, it has a permanent urban population of 11.131 million (2011). Greater Sao Paulo, consisting of The city of Sao Paulo and 38 satellite cities around it, covers an area of 8,051 square kilometers and has a population of about 1,968 million (2011). It is the largest city in South America and the fourth largest in the world. Rio DE Janeiro is Brazil's second largest city with a population of 6.35 million (2011). It is a world famous tourist destination and the second largest port in Brazil.



Natural Resources Brazil is rich in minerals, forests, land and water. The proven reserves of iron ore are 33.3 billion tons, accounting for 9.8% of the world's total reserves and ranking fifth in the world. Its annual output is 370 million tons, ranking second in the world. Exports are also among the highest in the world. Brazil has abundant reserves of 29 kinds of minerals, 98% of the world's total reserves of nickel, more than 10% of the world's total reserves of manganese, bauxite, lead, tin and other metals. The mine has proven reserves of 4.1 million tons, or 97 percent of global production. In addition, there are relatively rich chromium ore, gold and asbestos ore. Proved reserves of 10.1 billion tons, but the grade is very low. Since 2007, Brazil has discovered large oil and gas fields off its southeast coast. It is estimated that its oil reserves will exceed 50 billion barrels, and it is expected to become one of the world's ten largest oil countries. It produced 721 million barrels of crude in 2012. Forest coverage rate is 60.7%, timber reserves 65.8 billion cubic meters. Abundant water resources, with 18% of the world's fresh water, per capita freshwater possession of 29,000 cubic meters.